Audit of the 2nd since reforming and opening national debt of local government sex, will spread out in August. Current, of short duration of national audit arrange dithe best selling north face shirtsd not announce the specific arrangement of this second audit.
But according to people network news, compare with the photograph of audit of debt of sex of first time local government 2011, this second audit is will more complete, more comprehensive, will by first time " 3 class audit " (namely class of provincial, city, county class 3 class local government) , outspread arrive " 5 class audit " (namely in the center of, class of provincial, city, county class, country level 5 class government) . Accordingly, this second audit will understand debt of countrywide government sex " detailed is odd " .
What is debt of local government sex? Specific what to include? Whether does local government lift debt to accord with active code? To who does local government lend money? How to return money? How to spend money? Before this, orgnaization of finance of a few international is forecasted, liability of our country local government is potential out of control, whether to belong to solid?
Be aimed at afore-mentioned problems, university of the Gu Kang of director of institute of science of financethe most popular norton internet antivirus of Ministry of finance, finance and economics central teachs Wang Yong army, Hubei to save statistical bureau deputy director general, medium south university of politics and law of finance and economics teachs Xie Qing(Small gain)Waited for expert scholar to accept new capital newspaper to interview, make understanding read.
1 ask
Why be debt of local government sex?
2011 first audit of debt of local government sex, the State Council ever allotted a file, made clear the concept of debt of local government sex and limits among them.
Debt of local government sex basically divides composition by 3: The debt that local government has countervail to return responsibility, have assure the debt of responsibility, other and relevant debt.
Local government has countervail to return the debt of responsibility, it is to point to repay by finance capital certainly, the debt that the government has responsibility of direct countervail debt, for example local government bond.
Local government is had assure the debt of responsibility, it is to because of,point to local government (include government sector and orgnaization) offer direct or assure secondhand, cannot repay when debtor when debt, the government is had repay jointly the debt of responsibility. For example company of governmental financing platform raises the debt that borrow to the enterprise.
Both and main distinction depends on, former countervail debt financing by governmental finance burden; Latter countervail debt the anticipation of unit of debt of capital criterion origin income.
Other and relevant debt, it is to point to institution of allowance of company of governmental financing platform, funds to wait raise the debt that borrow, repay by blame finance capital, but local government was not offerred assure. According to legal provisibrass fauceton, government of this kinds of debt does not have countervail debt liability, but if debt unit appeared debt crisis, governmental agree carries deliverance responsibility, because this also delimits,enter category of debt of local government sex.
2 ask
Who is local government creditor?
According to audit arrange deputy audit grows Dong Dasheng to was reported this year in March, at present total of debt of sex of countrywide local government is 15 trillion to 18 trillion. Debt of place of a huge sum, from where does money borrow?
The audit of debt of sex of countrywide local government 2011 mixes audit arrange the audit of debt of sex of 36 districts local government this year shows, local government debt " creditor " basically have tripartite: Bond of bank, place, other unit and individual.
The bank is all the time " the biggest loan " . In remaining sum of debt of sex of the local government end 2010, bank loan is occupied 79.01% ; Up to by last year, in the remaining sum of debt of local government sex of 36 areas, bank loan is occupied 78.07% .
Comparative the bottom, debt remaining sum by 2012 discovered 36 areas 2010, come to a bank two years loan is occupied than dropping 5.6% , and local bond, other unit and individual, grow 62.32% respectively, 125.26% .
Why " other unit and individual " is amplitude as high as 125.26% ?
brass faucetAudit arrange audit grew the audit report of the month on Liu Jiayi to disclose partial clue, a few areas are violated compasses collect money, covert financing, amount is as high as 218.1 billion.
For example, jiangsu saves development of technology of economy of the city that be like Gao, 2008 up to now, already collected money 4 times to the public, affirmatory accrual is highest amount to 14% .
3 ask
How is local debt financing beautiful?
Press a regulation, financing of debt of local government sex, must use at construction of commonweal sex project.
The result of audit of debt of sex of countrywide local government 2011 makes clear, use at municipal construction, traffic to carry, land closes store arrange, the defray of project of the commonweal sex such as construction of irrigation works of Wen Wei of science and education and safeguard sex housing, aricultural, infrastructure, occupy 86.54% . Seven hundred and fifty-seven billion five hundred and eighty-nine million flower arrived " other item " , occupy 7.89% .
Audit arrange was not reported " other item " specific content, but point out, a few places and unit violate debt financing market of compasses investment capital, estate market, build place of building hall house even. Still have fund of one part liability, cast to high-energy bad news, tall pollution, produce can superfluous item, and low-level repeat construction project. In addition, audit returned discovery 2011, financing of 1.994 billion debt is wasted by the loss.
The audit of debt of local government sex to 36 areas makes clear this year, use at the defray of project of commonweal sex, infrastructure, occupy 92.14% . Designed bulletin weighs audit arrange, comparative two years ago, these 36 areas are used at traffic to carry, safeguard sex housing, land closes store, municipal construction this quadrinomial defray, all have growth. But still have a few local government " divert " debt financing. Audit discovery, add up to financing of thirty-seven billion eight hundred and sixteen million debt, use at be not project of commonweal sex, infrastructure, or with will remand expire debt.
4 ask
Local government how repay a debt?
Calculate according to the financial orgnaization such as smooth old negotiable securities, second half of the year, the debt of local government sex of about 127 billion expires, for since 2000 highest. The debt that expires next year amounts to 208.8 billion yuan, increase than this year 10% .harrison hot spring public pool The thousands of debt of 100 million enters countervail debt fastigium, how is local government returned?
The audit announcement that audit arrange issues makes clear, from 1979 up to now, income of land sell one's own things is local government all the time origin of main repay abrass faucet aerator debt.
Discovered to audit of debt of localthe most popular selling norton internet antivirus government sex 2011, acceptance of 1131 307 12 provinces, city, counties uses income of land sell one's own things, regard countervail debt as origin, debt financing volume is occupied 37.96% .
The origin of other repay a debt of local government, still have the career income of debt unit, be like the tuitional income of the college; Management income, wait like car pike income.
Because anticipate income is not steady, a few local government are immersed in " tear open east the wall fills on the west wall " , " lift new debt to return dead horse " " vicious circle " in.
It is with car pike income exemple, 2010, the debt of local government sex of countrywide freeway, borrow new old still rate to be as high as 54.64% , the reason that audit arrange analyses is " the freeway of partial area is in construction period and operation initial stage, its collect fees income can't repay debt principal and interest, main support is lifted borrow new debt to repay " .
5 ask
Does the place issue bond lawful?
" budget act " regulation, "Outside having a regulation additionally except law and file of the State Council, local government must not issue local government bond " .
Sincnorton internet antiviruse law does not allow a place to issue bond, are that 10 debt of more than how come? As we have learned, local government debt is the earliest but restrospect to 1979, in those days 8 counties area raises the debt that borrowed a government to have countervail to return responsibility. To the end of 2010, the whole nation only government of 54 counties class was not lifted lend governmental sex debt.
Hubei saves Xie Qing of statistical bureau deputy director general to express, although law just issues bond forbiddenly, but did not prohibit the company that local government creates raises debt. Accordingly, local government is passed establishwatch case manufacturer financing platform company,harrison hot spring weather forecast law of steer clear of is restrained.
Occupy the data that audit arrange published last year, the whole nation involves the financing platform company of debt of local government sex to have 6576.
The earliest embryonic form of financing platform, only then at going up century 80 time, guangdong was adopted " loan builds a road, collect fees still borrow " policy. After branch tax system was reformed 1994, local government begins more to depend on financing platform, finance.
Xie Qing says, financing platform has governmental background mostly, acquire a bank easily loan, issue a city to project debt. But, the specific dimensions raising debt of financing platform and liquidity examine and verify, did not bring into National People's Congress to discuss. Comparative so onthe best selling watch casese part debt, became invisible debt.
6 ask
How does the country manage local debt?
From 2011 up to now, national audit arrange had audit twice to debt of local government sex. It is to came in March 2011 for the first time in May, comprehensive audit 31 provinces (municipality, municipality directly under the Central Government) with 5 plan sheet lists city and place to belong to city (the ground, city, alliance, area) , county (city, area, banner) 3 class the debt situation of local government; Was last year the 2nd will come in November this year in Feburary, "Selective examination " 3 15 provinces and 15 provincial capital that its belong to, municipalities directly under the Central Government and the 3 city area under administration that its belong to.
These two audit, audit arrange all puts forward, because our country has not publish debt of unified local government sex to run a system, bring about debt of local government sex to run a system management of financing of not quite perfect, debt uses insufficient standard. Two audit, audit arrange all alluded mainly the problem that platform of local government financing exists. In June 2010, the State Council ever allotted an announcement, the requirement clears local financing platform.
But according to the bulletin, since 2011, the inspect that press silver can set, share company of 61 financing platform to should turn for " exit kind of platform " , but 55 among them did not come off completely debt of original government sex, or the construction financing task that continues to undertake commonweal sex project. And, the company of 18 financing platform that still has city of a 4 provinces, provincial capital, it is in order to turn " exit kind of platform " for, debt of sex of little statistic government two hundred and forty-seven billion nine hundred and twenty-nine million yuan.
7 ask
Debt audit audit what?
The country did 2011 allot an announcement, chose the key of 4 big audit of audit of debt of local government sex: Understand debt dimensions, structure and change of increase and decrease; Distinguish debt type; Analytic debt repays ability, announce the risk hidden danger of existence; The outstanding issue that exists in debt management. Xie Qing thinks, this second audit basically also will contain afore-mentioned content.
Among them, "Understand debt scope " basically be local government recessive debt dimensions, especially local government have the aid of fiducial, BT (construction - turn over) , violate compasses collect money wait for a method, covert the capital dimensions that financing place obtains. This department is on guard the key of financial venture.
"Debt repays ability " 4 index that will analyse local government: Ratio of debt ratio, countervail debt ratio, debt of exceed the time limit, lend new old still countervail debt ratio.
4 afore-mentioned index can reflect the liquidity that gives local government. The audit of debt of local government sex to 36 areas makes clear this year, the liquidity can care of many local government: Ratio of debt of city of 9 provincial capital exceeds 100% , amount to highestly 219.57% ; Ratio of debt of countervail of city of 13 provincial capital exceeds 20% , amount to highestly 67.69% ; City of 5 provincial capital borrows new old still rate to exceed 20% , amount to highestly 38.01% ; Ratio of debt of exceed the time limit of city of 2 provincial capital exceeds 10% , amount to highestly 16.36% .
8 ask
Is local debt out of control authentic?
Before this, the international orgnaization such as Moody is forecasted, thousands of 100 million debt of China of second half of the year can bring grim challenge to local government, likelihood head shows churchyard bond beak a contract. In the meantime, the personage inside a few course of study also expresses, because certain local government is excessive raise debt, be faced with the insolvency like Detroit likely the crisis. Whether is debt of sex of our country local government met out of control?
To this, audit arrange deputy audit grows Xiang Huaicheng of former minister of Dong Dasheng, Ministry of finance to ever expressed, risk of whole of debt of local government sex can accuse, good rate is debt 95% to 98% .
Gu Kang of director of institute of science of finance of Ministry of finance thinks, comparative and other high debt leads a nation, the debt gross of our country is inside safe interval, but need to be on guard risk of occurrence debt of parcel area and specific project.
Xie Qing puts forward, this second audit is reforming and opening since first " 5 class audit " , audit limits first outspread to country level government, from this can effective control accuses administration the actual situation of debt of local government sex. And, national condition is different, even if is individual movement of local government capital is difficult, also can pay through finance move wait for a method, help local government casts off the crisis.
Afore-mentioned experts put forward, the problem of extremely urgent is to build debt of scientific and reasonable local government sex to manage mode, for instance wealth tax system is reformed etc, resolve local government " poor money " problem; Legislation unlocks local government lift creditor's rights, the course of local debt examine and verify with reasonable set.
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