Capital times dispatch yesterday, website of audit arrange government announces: "Recently, according to requirement of the State Council, audit arrange will organize countrywide audit mechanism to have audit to governmental sex debt. " before this, audit arrange organized debt of pair of local government sex twice to have audit early or late. The personage inside course of study thinks, this audit arrange did not emphasize " place " , predict to will be opposite in the center of have comprehensive audit first wii want modern dining chairsth debt of local government sex.
On July 18, "Of the car " American Detroit goes bankrupt to forensic application local government protection. Detroit debt is extremely huge, have the funded debt of 180 much dollars and the short-term debt of billions of dollar, it is the city with American the at present biggest dimensions goes bankrupt case. Detroit goes bankrupt case give country once more a few excessive the city that raises debt rings noisy alarm bell.
2011, comprehensive to debt of local government sex audit discovers audit sign, up to by 2010, outside doing not have governmental sex debt except government of 54 counties class, countrywide province, city, county 3 class remaining sum of debt of local government sex in all ten thousand seven hundred and seventeen billion four hundred and ninety-one million yuan.
Came 2012 audit arrange is right 2013 of debt of local government sex " selective examination " the result also nots allow hopeful.
Result of these two audit, audit arrange all had a report to standing committee of countrywide National People's Congress, also undertook announcement to the society, cause each square height attention. This year in June, when personnel of composition of standing committee of National People's Congress of a few whole nations is discussing audit to report, put forward, local debt risk nots allow to ignore, the key should understand base number, strengthen superintend.
Audit arrange audit grows Liu Jiayi to make the proposal when audit reports to standing committee of countrywide National People's Congress on behalf of the State Council, strengthen management of debt of local government sex, clear further company of normative financing platform, clutch build and management of dimensions of debt of sex of perfect local government and risk early-warning mechanism, the full requirements administration that achieves debt of pair of local government sex and dynamic monitoring.
When Hao Zhenping of professor of institute of accountant of university of director of institute of audit of committee member of committee of guidance of education of graduate student of degree of countrywide audit major, China, Tsinghua is accepting our newspaper reporter to interview, say, because problem of domestic place debt ferments continuously,the likelihood is, and the Detroit on international goes bankrupt formally below the double stimulation that waits for domestic and international problem, just make the State Council ask audit arrange is begun formally new round large-scale, and audit of all-around governmental sex debt works. Should say, the State Council also is the immune function that hopes to develop audit department through this action, nip in the bud, because this is right, the likelihood a few bad influences of dweller and company generation fall to lowermost level.
Local debt
The current situation
Ratio of debt of 16 local government exceeds 100%
Announcement of result of the 24th audit revealed audit office 2013 36 local government result of this audit of debt of class government sex, if add a government to have,assure the debt of responsibility, ratio of 16 areas debt exceeded 100% 2012. Among them, have city of 9 provincial capital the debt rate that this class government has countervail to return responsibility exceeds 100% , amount to highestly 188.95% , if add a government to have,assure the debt of responsibility, debt ratio is amounted to highestly 219.57% . Not only such, this class government has city of 14 provincial capital repay the debt of responsibility already exceed the time limit 18.17 billion yuan, among them ratio of this debt of class exceed the time limit exceeds city of 2 provincial capital 10% , highest for 16.36% .
This one declared is released cause piece about " likelihood of 16 local government because endowment not pay a debt in kind or by labour is encountered go bankrupt the doubt of the problem " . After American Detroit city goes bankrupt, this one doubt is mentioned by partial netizen again.
Audit arrange ever said frankly about sectional chief, growth of dimensions of debt of local government of our country existence is at present rapidder, risk of partial area and industry liability is highlighted, debt repays excessive count land income, freeway, government still borrows dimensions of B road debt to increase pressure of debt of fast, countervail big, lend new old still rate advanced issue.
Unscramble
"Detroit goes bankrupt " won't have Chinese edition
Can local city municipal government of China also appear go bankrupt? The explanation says Hao Zhenping, asthe most popular selling norton internet antivirus a result of political system of the United States, just can appear side of finance of local city government endowment not after pay a debt in kind or by labour, administration does not grant to help, and the problem that holds the post of its to go bankrupt. He thinks, national condition is different, this kind of case should not appear in our country. In view of at present financial capacity of whole of our country finance still is in growth interval, and finance gross income is tremendous. Although local government endowment not pay a debt in kind or by labour, appear even the problem of locomotive difficulty, administration also won't look on indifferently absolutely, and affirmative meeting pays through finance move wait for means of reveal all the details to come to help of relevant local government.
If debt of blood transfusion place affects investment of the people's livelihood
Although local government goes bankrupt the scene should not appear in our country, dan Haozhen is smooth emphasize, growth of local debt dimensions is reached more quickly endowment not the problem such as pay a debt in kind or by labour is met great to socioeconomy generation influence, not the most popular north face shirtsallow absolutely small gaze.
He introduces, local debt does not have foreword grow in quantity, producing the most serious problem is the revenue burden that can increase enterprise and individual actually. Local government raises the debt that borrow, the taxation that should carry local government collection for the most part very much tries to repay. Borrow morer, was equivalent to advancing older henceforth place taxation. Once loan, fiducial, and even violate compasses collect money the countervail debt pressure that waits for means is increased, make sure local government won't cross the means such as head tax cost to come through collection very hard finance, the revenue burden of aggravating enterprise and individual. For minister local government, central finance move pays and other way hfree modern dining chairselps local fund, undoubted and main source also is taxation. Once central finance increase of this kind of pay, the investment that builds normally about the people's livelihood and socioeconomy can decrease relatively.
modern dining chairsAnnuities extends won't accept immediate impact
Look from the relation of administration and local government, the country such as the United States resembles is father and son has broken up sheet passes, because this place debt is right the influence of local dweller is great, can appear once local government goes bankruthe most popular watch casespt, the dweller is enjoyed in social security, public natural resources wait for a respect to be rung by a series of direct severe double image. Hao Zhenping thinks, the relation of our country administration and local government resembles is father and son still be child, still have a meal on a table everyday, want administration only so " hmodern dining chairsave grain " , local government won't true " starve " .
Hao Zhenping is analysed, be in our country, the annuities that is a dweller no matter extends, the salary that still is administrative inthe best selling watch casesstitution worker extends wait for the people's livelihood to ask
Problem, have finance disclose the whole inside story, won't be affected directly by local debt problem. Our country also won't open the to raise fund cut that sets categories of taxes newly easily. Current, the State Council also puts forward for many times, actual derate the taxation of a few enterprises, reducing tax should be a policy climate, this respect individual and enterprise also need not worry too.
Cause of formation
To the bank loan makes progress
Hao Zhenping introduces, after reforming and opening, local debt appears stage by stage, its cause of formation is varied. After tax system is reformed, cent appeared 1994 " move on income, move below defray " trend. Central finance income is increased, below the circumstance that the place narrows relatively in finance income, responsibility authority is increased however. But local government how " make money " ? Besides sell the land, raise debt namely. To satisfy development need, a few areas borrow money directly to the bank or with land the means impawn such as guaranty borrows money. This is up to now, the source with local the mainest debt. The mainest field that local debt throws, it is fundamental construction respect undoubtedly.
Going up century before 90 time, a few state-owend enterprises already endowment not pay a debt in kind or by labour, but the government sector considers the factor such as worker interest, note through the government endowment or take-over the means such as company debt, also increased forehead of debt of a few places to spend. Go up nevertheless century after 90 time, this kind of circumstance is basic and disappeared.
Additional, a few places are inchoate ever issued " economy builds bonds " , evolve to be issued to act as agent by the Ministry of finance gradually after, or the local debt that issues independently. This also becomes the one big source of local debt.
In recent years, a few places still build B to turn over through fiducial, BT() and violate compasses collect money wait for means to covert financing, this also is a few raise fund cost is high, accumulate the local debt that contains new venture hidden danger.
Debt of 3 kinds of places
Local government has countervail to return the debt of responsibility: Local government (contain government sector and orgnaization) , company of platform of financing of unit of funds allowance institution, utility, government and other and relevant unit are lifted borrow, decide by finance capital is repaid, the government has the debt of liability of direct countervail debt.
Local government has assure the debt of responsibility: Because of local government (contain government sector and orgnaization) offer direct or assure secondhand, cannot repay when debtor when debt, the government has the debt of liability of implicative countervail debt.
Other and relevant debt: Institution of allowance of company of governmental financing platform, funds and utility unit are commonweal sex project to lift borrow, repay by blame finance capital, and local government (contain government sector and orgnaization) did not offer the debt that assure (do not contain default the debt) of other unit and individual, the government is in jural do not assume countervail debt responsibility to this kinds of debt, but when crisis of debtor occurrence debt, the government may need to assume deliverance responsibility.
Up to debt of place of the whole nation end 2010 10.7 trillion
Conference of countrywide audit work ever disclosed 2011, 40 thousand much person adjusts countrywide audit scheme county of countrywide province city debt of the best selling modern dining chairslocal government sex had 3 class comprehensive audit, involve sectional orgnaization unit 80 thousand mawatch case manufacturerny, project 370 thousand many with debt many 1.87 million. Up to by 2010, remaining sum of debt of sex of countrywide local government 10.7 trillion yuan.
Audit arrange was released this year in June " 2013 announcement of result of the 24th audit: 36 local government result of this audit of debt of class government sex " show, up to by 2012, 36 local government remaining sum of this debt of class government sex 3.8 trillion yuan, increase four hundred and forty billion nine hundred and eighty million yuan than 2010, grow 12.94% .
Hao Zhenping is analysed, at present our country saves city county debt of local government sex should not exceed 3 level 20 trillion yuan.
Dialog
Lift debt to put in temporarily should discuss via National People's Congress
Capital times: Computation of caliber of which kinds of statistic does local debt press after all?
Hao Zhenping: No matter statistical caliber has the branch why to differ, I suggest to use the simplest, also be the largest requirements, who be no matter raise debt,just namely, final it is those local debt that should assure to repay by local government. Because have number of debt of place of utmost ground statistic only, just more be helpful for discovering the problem is mixed solve a problem.
Capital times:free norton internet antivirus What is the safe limits of local debt?
Hao Zhenping: A problem with local very at present serious debt is, although each district raises debt specified number great, but about local debt however the risk with perfect neither one is evaluated and safe grade system. Because each district is current economic actual strength, the each respect element such as development latent capacity all will differ henceforth, like Guangzhou so such provincial capital city is mixed underdeveloped provincial capital city, scale of early-warning of its place debt is sheer won't identical.
Accordingly, the State Council and countrywide National People's Congress should be evaluated in local debt risk and aggrandizement of respect of safe grade system cooperates, no matter be with means of legislation of National People's Congress, still be means of regulations of the State Council, answer to publish system of a relevant quota as soon as possible.
Capital times: What does local debt put in a domain reasonably to have? Control local debt dimensions how effectively?
Hao Zhenping: I think to put in a domain reasonably to have two only. One is to accord with local government to make clear a program, come down certainly put in domain and corresponding amount. On the other hand, to the program outside lift temporarily debt and put in, should pass branch of National People's Congress discuss. Only door of local greater part is approbated the reason that raise debt and the dimensions that raise debt, form resolution to this, local government ability raises debt. Should not gift easily proper motion of a few government sectors raises debt and the power that put in.
Because our country taxation is added fast delay of already severe replay, environment of domestic and international economy makes the company grows walk with difficulty, and land finance is belonged to again cannot reborn is finite resource, because this must pass the much branch such as National People's Congress and audit to cooperate, in order to strengthen legislation, discuss, and audit trends is supervised wait for means, control local debt as far as possible add fast, make its dimensions tends stage by stage reasonable.
This edition interviews and write Zhao Peng of capital times reporter
(Capital times)
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